Radiosignaling System



l. H. ROGERS.

RADIOSIGNAUNG SYSTEM. APPucAndu min 1A". II. 191s.

JAMES HARRIS BDGEBS, 0F HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND.

RADIOSIGNALING SYSTEM Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented A ug. l0. 1920.

Application filed January 17, 1918. SerialNo. 212,19?.

lie it known that l, .lanas Hniuus Roenes, a citizen of the United States, residing at ll yattsville, in the county of Prince Georges and'tatc of Maryland, have invented new and useful Improvements in Radio'signaling Systems, of which the following is a specification. y

My invention relates to radio signaling systems and apparatus for sending and receiving signals through space by means of electromagnetic waves, and it relates particularly to that portion of such systems known as the antenna.

l have discoveredthat radio conductors or antennae 'are highly eliicient when disposed horizontally or substantially parallel to the surface of the earth but completely insulated therefrom and inclosed in an inclosing metallic covering screen or casing practically throughout their entire length, but insulated therefrom. The metallic covering thus inclosing the antenna, Vbut from which the latter is insulated, takes up the eli-vctromagnetic waves, in receiving, and transmits them to the antenna Within at full lstrength and even with greater etl'ect than when the antenna is used without the covering. A. highly eliicient, action is thus ob-t tained, the static is reduced, and at the same time the antenna is fully protected from deterioration bythe corroding action of earth. and water.

The invention consists in the novel -construction and arrangement of apparatus and parts thereof for sending and receiving radio sign..ls hereinafter described and claimed, and illustrated in the accompanyin drawings, in which drawings- Figure 1 is a filiagranimatic view showing the antenna buried beneath the surface of the earth, receiving instruments being associated with the antenna;

Fig. 1a shows a conventional arrangement ofsending instruments which may be suhstituted for the receiving instruments for transmitting signals, it being understood that either the sending or receivin instruments shown in Fig. 1 are to be use in connection with the arrangements shown in the remaining figures; 1

Fig. 9 is a View similar to Fig. 1 showing two antennae extending in opposite directions beneath the surface of the earth,

the connection for signaling instruments beinglocated between the antenna, and also beneath the surface of the earth;

Fig. 3 shows an antenna incas-cd. according to the invention and lying upon the surface of the earth, a ground connection and theinstruments connected between. the antenna and the ground connection' Fig. 4 is a view similar o Fig. ing two antennaey instead ot one` and a ground connection;

Fig. 5 is a view similar io Fig. -i but showing the antennae supported above the surface of the earth but in close proximity thereto;

Fig. 6 is view similar to Fig. 2 in which the antennae are shown submerged in water.

Referringr to the drawings, 1() indicates the signal mstruments, which in Fig. 1 are those for receiving signals while in Fig. l*l the instruments for sen in 1 signals are shown. In Figl, l1 is a detector of any type, preferably an audion, 12 a telephone', and 13 and 14 the usual condensers. Any desired type of instruments and arrangement of connecting circuits may be emplayed.

In Fig. 1d suitable sending instruments are conventionally shown` These comprise a generator 15, transformer 16. spark gap IT, condenser 18 and key 19.

The above-mentioned instruments are well known in the art or radio or magnetic wave signaling, and need not be further described 20-is an antenna for radiating or receiving electromagnetic Waves, and asshown in Fig. 1 extends horizontally or substantially paralle] to the earths surface and buried in the earth. This antenna mav be of any suitable 0r desired length, and is comiilctcdy inclosed Within a metallic covering, casing or screen 21 which may be a tube or pipe of lead, iron or any otherisuitable metal. The antenna is `insulated from the metallic covering or casing by cans of insulation 22. It will thusbe seen that while the antenna is buried 'in the earth it is completely insulated therefrom and from the metallic covering. or casing.

The receiving instruments shown in Fig. 1 alleA associated with the antenna by means of an inductive coupling comprising wind- 3 showa nten ua ings 23 and 24 of a transformer. but may be V manner. The other terminal of windin 24 of the coupling is connected to groun at 25.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in F ig. 2 the ground connection is replaced by a second antenna 20 extending in a direction different from the direction of antenna 20, the signal instruments being connected between the antennae as indicated by t c winding 2--l of the indirect coupling. In t iis ligure also is shown the arrangement by which the signal instruments are located Vin the chamber 2G below the-surface of the earth.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 3, a single. antenna is employed and is shown extending horizontally substantially parallel with the surface of the earth and with the inclosing metallic covering oiri easing resting upon the surface of the earth, which latter is indicated at 27.

Fig. 4 shows an arrangement similar to Fig. 3 but with the employment of a second antenna 20 in place of the ground connection shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. shows an arrangement similar to Fig. l. but with the antennae slightly elerated above the surface of the earth by means oi' struts or pinsl 2S. Thus while the antenna exn ubstantially parallel with the surface o "JK earth. the metallic covering or easing is not in direct contact with the earth but is separated therefrom by a short space. .lt may or may not be insu-v lated'. from the earth according to the material of which the struts or pins 2H are made that is whether they are of conducting or of non-conducting material.

Fig. 6 shows the employment ot two antennae submerged beneath the surface oi' the earth where *here is water, the water being indicated at 29. Here the metalli(l covering or casing is in Contact with the water, but the antennae and their connecting circuits are insulated from the water.

It will be understood that while I have shown and described arrangements embodying my invention in which one antenna and also two'A antennae are employed, any desired number may to have them extend in the proper direction to obtain the maximum eiect both in sending and receiving of the electromagnetic waves. For this purpose a number ot antennee may be employed radiating in different directions from the instruments, and suitable switchingr mechanism may be provided or connecting any one or more of the antennae to the signal instruments. Such an arrangement is shown and described in theapplication of myself jointly with Henry H. Lyon, S. No. 130,603, issued as Patent No. 1,322,622, dated Nov. 25, erence is :here made for be used, and it is desirable signal instruments,

1919, to which reft, my hand. further details, so' JAMES HARRIS ROGERS.

. l that it isi-unnecessary to describe such an arrarigement in this ap lication.

t plicab'le to the there is water one such application being illustrated in Ilig. 6. It will be understood also that the invention is also applicable to ships at sea, but as the employment of my new antenna arrangement in such connection is obvious -it is thought'that illustration is unnecessary.

In accordance with the patent statutes I have described what I now believe to be the best embodiment of the invention, but I do not wish to be understood thereby as limiting myself or the scope of the invention, many changes and modifications may be {iade without departing from the spi .t ot

he invention and all such I aim tf, include in the scope of the appended claims.

Vhat I claim as new and desire to 'secure Letters Patent of the United States is:

A radio signaling system comprisingr an antenna extending horizontally substantially parallel to the surface of the earth and insulated therefrom, a metallic covering inclosing said antenna but insulated therefrom and in intimate contact with the earth substantially throughout its length, signal instruments associated with said antenna, and a balancing connection on the opposite side ot said instruments.

2. A radio signaling system comprising an antenna exi riding horizontally substantially has been stated t iat the invention is apsurface of the earth where i parallel to the surface of the earth and insulated therefrom, a metallic covering inclosing said antenna. but insulated therefrom and in contact with theearth substantially throughout its length, and signal instruments associated with said antenna.

Si. A. radio signaling system comprising an antenna extending horizontally substantially parallel to the surface o the earth and insulated therefrom, a metallic covering inclosing said antenna but insulated therefrom, said metallic covering being buried in the earth in intimate contact therewith substantially throughout its length, and signal instruments associated with said antenna.

4. A radio signaling system comprising an antenna extending outwardly therefrom. a second antenna eX- tehding in a different direction, said antennae being buried in the earth but insulated therefrom and substantially parallel to the surface of the earth, and sind instruments being connected between said antennae, and a metallic covering inclosing each of. said antennae substantially throughout its'length but insulated therefrom and in intimate contact With the earth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set 

